5G networks have become a reality in several markets around the world, while many more operators have outlined their plans to launch 5G over the coming years.

Since early 2018, there has been an outbreak of investigations into network equipment manufacturers regarding practices related to national security as well as potential violations on international sanctions.

Spectrum resources have become increasingly important in the recent years due to the explosive growth observed in mobile data traffic coupled with the improved sophistication and service quality that 4G networks offer compared to their predecessors.